THE LIZ LIBRARY PRESENTS:
HISTORY SERIES FATHERLESS CHILDREN STORIES
Alexander Hamilton - the author of the Federalist Papers, first treasurer of the United States, and the founder of America's economic system. John Hancock - president of the Continental Congress, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and financial underwriter of the American Revolution. More than a quarter (27%)
of U.S. presidents -- U.S. President Gen. George Washington - America's first founding father, first president, and most beloved hero. U.S. President Thomas Jefferson - America's third president, and primary author of the Declaration of Independence U.S. President James Monroe - America's fifth president U.S. President Andrew Jackson - America's seventh president U.S. President Andrew Johnson - America's seventeenth president U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes - America's nineteenth president U.S. President James A. Garfield - America's twentieth president U.S. President Grover Cleveland - America's twenty-second president U.S. President Herbert Hoover - America's thirty-first president U.S. President Gerald Ford - America's thirty-eighth president U.S. President William Jefferson Clinton - America's forty-second president U.S. President Barack Obama - America's forty-fourth president U.S. vice presidents: U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr - America's fourth vice president, founding father U.S. Vice President Schuyler Colfax - America's twenty-first vice president U.S. Vice President Charles Curtis - America's thirty-sixth vice president Many of America's top jurists: U.S. Supreme Court Justice James F. Byrnes U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo U.S. Supreme Court Ch. Justice (and U.S. Treasury Secretary) Salmon P. Chase U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Davis U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Johnson Field U.S. Supreme Court Justice Melville Fuller U.S. Supreme Court Justice Arthur J. Goldberg U.S. Supreme Court Justice John McKinley U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Rutledge U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thomas Todd U.S. Supreme Court Ch. Justice Edward D. White U.S. Supreme Court Justice James Wilson More American leaders, heros, icons and achievers: U.S. Gen. Omar Nelson Bradley George Washington Carver Confederate President Jefferson Davis Fr. Gen. Marquis de Lafayette - supporter of the American Revolution U.S. (Confederate) Gen. Robert E. Lee U.S. (Confederate) Gen. James Longstreet (Lee's "Old War Horse") George Mason - a founding father of America Linus Carl Pauling (Nobel Prize x 2) Michael Phelps - the world's greatest Olympic athlete and swimmer Benjamin Rush - a founding father of America, physician and diplomat U.S. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman Annie Mansfield Sullivan - the "miracle worker", Helen Keller's teacher WWI hero Alvin Cullum York ("Sergeant York") (Medal of Honor) Some of the world's greatest: Jurist William Blackstone Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, Mother Theresa Julius Caesar Catherine the Great of Russia Cleopatra Queen Elizabeth I - also at The Liz Library Women's History Collection Alexander Fleming - scientist who discovered penicillin Jesus of Nazareth Johannes Kepler Nelson Mandela Muhammed - prophet of Islam Plato Jean-Jacques Rousseau King Solomon - Biblical icon More "fatherless children" (alphabetically): U.S. Senator Bella Abzug physician Hunter "Patch" Adams comedian Steve Allen cancer researcher Frederick W. Alt medical researcher Dorothy Andersen author Hans Christian Andersen singer Marian Anderson author Ivo Andric' (Nobel Prize) mogul nun Mother Angelica poet Maya Angelou (Marguerite Annie Johnson) actress Jennifer Aniston silent film star Fatty Arbuckle historian Hannah Arendt cyclist Lance Armstrong musician Louis Armstrong internet publisher Julian Assange Hungarian poet Jozsef Attila author Jane Austen dancer Jeanne Beaudon Avril (Toulouse-Lautrec model) North Carolina Gov. Charles Brantley Aycock actor Lauren Bacall composer Johann Sebastian Bach politician Michele Bachmann investigative journalist Russell Baker author Charles Baudelaire Isabella Baumfree (Sojourner Truth) singer Harry Belafonte scientist Sir Charles Bell composer Irving Berlin actor Halle Berry scientist Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar California Supreme Court Justice Rose Bird legendary surfer Tom Blake scientist Katherine Burr Blodgett reporter Nelly Bly physicist Max Born "Father of Chemistry" Robert Boyle (Boyle's Law) Plymouth Colony founder William Bradford news correspondent Ed Bradley U.S. Senator (and basketball great) William Warren "Bill" Bradley actor Benjamin Bratt Arizona Governor Jan Brewer scientist Herbert C. Brown (Nobel Prize Chemistry) author Les Brown Ralph Johnson Bunche (Nobel Peace Prize 1950) molecular scientist Geoffrey Burnstock poet Lord Byron (George Gordon) Sarah Breedlove aka Madam C.J. Walker actor Charles Bronson actor Pierce Brosnan "father of soul" musician James Brown comedian Lenny Bruce actor Yul Brynner satiricist Art Buchwald Canadian rocket scientist Gerald Bull actor Carol Burnett vaudevillian George Burns (Nathan Birnbaum) philosopher Albert Camus (Nobel Prize) author Elias Canetti (Nobel Prize) cancer researcher Mario Capecchi (Nobel Prize) author Truman Capote first "celebrity chef" Antonin Careme comedian George Carlin pioneering surgeon Benjamin Carson explorer and soldier U.S. Brig. Gen. Christopher ("Kit") Carson author Willa Cather scientist Ernst B. Chain (Nobel Prize) fashion designer Coco Chanel actor Charlie Chaplin Oona O'Neil Chaplin actor/singer Cher author Agatha Christie musician Eric Clapton computer guru Jim Clark (Silicon Graphics, Netscape) author Mary Higgins Clark science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke philanthropist Thomas Green Clemson (Clemson University) singer Patsy Cline U.S. Senator William F. Cody songwriter, poet Leonard Cohen educator Ward Connerly journalist Anderson Hayes Cooper comedian Bill Cosby scientist Donald Cram (Nobel Prize Chemistry) composer Stephen Crane actor Tom Cruise author Roald Dahl actor Dorothy Dandridge actor-comedian Rodney Dangerfield singer Bobby Darin actor Bette Davis actor James Dean scholar Daniel Dennett advice columnist Amy Dickinson psychologist/author Peggy Drexler writer-activist W.E.B. Du Bois (William Edward Burghardt Du Bois) pop psychologist Wayne Dyer industrialist George Eastman (Eastman Kodak) psychologist Albert Ellis computer scientist Clarence Ellis author Ralph Ellison author Ralph Waldo Emerson rapper Eminem (Marshall Bruce Mathers III) U.S. Senator John Ensign psychologist Erik Erikson actor Douglas Fairbanks psychophysicist Gustav Theodor Fechner politician Geraldine Ferraro singer Ella Fitzgerald actor Jodie Foster Australian track star Cathy Freeman cancer researcher Emil J. Freireich educator Frederick Wilhelm August Froebel poet Robert Frost steamboat inventor Robert Fulton musician David Gahan (Depeche Mode) author/businessman Chris Gardner (The Art of Happyness) social reformer/journalist William Lloyd Garrison actor Gloria Gaynor author Andre Gide (Nobel Prize) architect Cass Gilbert actor Melissa Gilbert author Charlotte Perkins Gilman painter Tommaso di Ser Giovanni di Simone (Masaccio) comedian Jackie Gleason actor Paulette Goddard actor Whoopi Goldberg actor Cuba Gooding writer Kenneth Grahame Alabama Governor Bibb Graves U.S. economist, Chair of the Federal Reserve Alan Greenspan scientist Theodore Grutthuss (Nobel Peace Prize 1950) actor Gene Hackman nuclear engineer Susanna Harding crystallographer David Harker Oklahoma's first governor, Charles Nathaniel Haskell first governor of British India Warren Hastings opera singer Catherine "Kate" Hayes economist Henry Hazlitt Alan J. Heegar (Nobel Prize Chemistry 2000) baseball player Rickey Henderson actor Audrey Hepburn conductor Victor Herbert geophysicist J. Marvin Herndon scientist Gerhard Herzberg (Nobel Prize Chemistry 1971) industrialist William Reddington Hewlett (Hewlett-Packard) union organizer, poet, author Joe Hill pharmaceutical researcher George Hitchings (Nobel Prize) singer Billie Holliday scientist Robert Hooke Tennessee Governor Sam Houston industrialist Roy Wilson Howard (Scripps-Howard) U.S. House Majority Leader Steny Hamilton Hoyer actor/director Werner Herzog writer Langston Hughes philosopher David Hume Iraqi president Saddam Hussein North Carolina Gov., U.S. Senator James Iredell, Jr. writer John Irving basketball great Julius Erving civil rights activist and politician Jesse Jackson author/blogger Kevin Jackson ("The Big Black Lie") scientist Edward Jenner actor Carolyn Jones (Morticia) musician Rickie Lee Jones biologist Ernest Everett Just dictator Chiang Kai-shek chess great Garry Kasparov MIT political scientist William Weed Kaufman research physician Judith Kaur author John Keats Jamaican Olympic skier Errol Kerr social scientist reformer Frances Alice Kellor New Zealand Prime Minister John Key musician B.B. King television personality Larry King author Stephen King singer Eartha Kitt physiologist Karl Landsteiner (Nobel Prize) vocalist Kathryn Dawn Lang (k.d. lang) photographer Dorothea Lange archaeologist Mary Leakey mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz literary critic John Leonard economist Sir Arthur Lewis (Nobel Prize) author Jack London author Barry Lopez actor George Lopez actor Sophia Loren computer whiz Ada Lovelace actor-comedian Bernie Mac musician Joe Madden physics professor Ronald Mallett musician Bob Marley (Robert Nesta Marley) baseball great Billy Martin author Harry Martinsson (Nobel Prize) writer Frank McCourt (Pulitzer Prize) actor Steve McQueen U.S. Representative Kendrick Meek chemist Dmitri Mendeleev economist Franco Modigliani (Nobel Prize) author Lucy Montgomery author J. R. Moehringer (Pulitzer Prize) Tom Monaghan (Domino's Pizza) actor Marilyn Monroe U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan WWII hero Audie Murphy comedian Eddie Murphy musician Willie Nelson actor Jack Nicholson philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche Olympic biathlete Deborah Nordyke U.S. Senator George W. Norris Maryland Gov. Sean O'Casey Maryland Gov. Benjamin Ogle Basketball great Shaquille O'Neal actor Al Pacino activist Rosa Parks Massachusetts Gov. Deval Laurdine Patrick British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval Argentinian political activist Eva Peron Secretary of the Air Force F. Whitten Peters detective Allan Pinkerton poet Sylvia Plath author Edgar Allen Poe model Paulina Porizkova composer Giacomo Puccini celebrity chef Wolfgang Puck short story writer Horacio Quiroga painter Raphael Ohio Gov. James Allen Rhodes actor Doris Roberts industrialist John Davison Rockefeller I (Standard Oil) baseball great Alexander Emmanuel Rodriguez prosecutor Jim Rogan psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach musician W. Axl Rose (William Bruce Rose, Jr.) (Guns N' Roses) scientist Peyton Rous (Nobel Prize) political genius Karl Rove Australian acting genius Geoffrey Roy Rush philosopher Bertrand Russell U.S. Representative Paul Ryan Lewis & Clark guide Sacagawea Revolutionary War soldier Deborah Sampson businessman Colonel Harland Sanders (Kentucky Fried Chicken) President of France, Nicolas Sarkozy philosopher-author Jean-Paul Sartre (Nobel Prize) beauty products businessman Vidal Sassoon lawyer Caroline Kennedy Schlossberg U.S. Senator Al Sharpton Washington State Senator Paull Shin rock star Gene Simmons New York Governor Al Smith celebrity Anna Nicole Smith (Vickie Lynn Hogan) U.S. Senator Robert C. "Bob" Smith geologist William Smith U.S. Senator Olympia J. Snowe author Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (Nobel Prize) microwave oven inventor Percy Spencer Russian dictator Joseph Stalin writer Henry Morton Stanley actor Barbara Stanwyck musician Ringo Starr (Richard Starkey Jr.) activist Gloria Steinem comedian Jon Stewart author Jonathan Swift inventor Henry Talbot astronaut Daniel Tani actor/director Quentin Tarantino physicist Joseph John ("J.J.") Thomson (Nobel Prize) scientist Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (Nobel Prize) author J.R.R. Tolkien (Lord of the Rings) author Leo Tolstoy actor Laurence Tureaud ("Mr. T") singer Tina Turner musician Shania Twain boxer Mike Tyson novelist Sigrid Undset (Nobel Prize) physical chemist Harold Clayton Urey (Nobel Prize) musician Ritchie Valens President of Ireland Eamon de Valera Queen Victoria of Britain scientist Alessandro Volta poet Derek Walcott (Nobel Prize) zoologist Max Weber television anchor Bill Weir singer Hank Williams scientist Charles Thomson Rees Wilson (Nobel Prize Physics) musician Barry White industrialist Eli Whitney, Jr. heart surgeon Daniel Hale Williams Indiana Supreme Court Justice William Allen Woods poet William Wordsworth architect Frank Lloyd Wright U.S. Senator George Grover Wright author Richard Wright activist Malcolm X actor Loretta Young author Emile Zola and many, many more....
The notion is FALSE that children require a certain kind of family composition (two married biological parents) in order to do well, rather than that certain family characteristics and lifestyle advantages (such as educational opportunities, financial opportunities, stability, attention, and so forth) may be beneficial. No research has shown that when a child's parents do not live together, joint custody is in their long-term best interests, or that "the best parent is two parents." See the research: here, and here, and here, and here, and here, and still more, along with discussions and articles in the index here. (Interesting, though, how
"motherlessness" is almost glorified in our society, e.g. Disney.)
Alexander Hamilton - President Gen. George Washington - President Thomas Jefferson - President James Monroe - President Andrew Jackson - President Andrew Johnson - President Rutherford B. Hayes - President James A. Garfield - President Herbert Hoover - President Grover Cleveland - President Gerald Ford - President William Jefferson Clinton - President Barack Obama - U.S. Supreme Court Justice James Wilson - U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Rutledge - John Hancock - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen Johnson Field - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Thomas Todd - U.S. Supreme Court Justice David Davis - U.S. Supreme Court Justice John McKinley - U.S. Supreme Court Ch. Justice (and U.S. Treasury Secretary) Salmon P. Chase - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Melville Fuller - U.S. Supreme Court Ch. Justice Edward D. White - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin N. Cardozo - U.S. Supreme Court Justice William O. Douglas - U.S. Supreme Court Justice James F. Byrnes - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Arthur J. Goldberg - U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas - Frederick Douglas - Gen. Robert E. Lee - Booker T. Washington - Benjamin Rush - Stephen Colbert - George Mason - Maya Angelou - Aaron Burr - Fr. Gen. Marquis de Lafayette - U.S. Senator Henry Clay - Indiana Sen. George Grover Wright - William Tecumseh Sherman - Meriwether Lewis - Eleanor Roosevelt - Donald Cram - Wesley K. Clark - Jackie Robinson - Mark Twain - George Washington Carver - Nathanial Hawthorne - Eli Whitney Jr. - U.S. House Majority Leader Steny Hamilton Hoyer - Schuyler Colfax - Michael Phelps - Linus Carl Pauling - Aristotle - Nicolas Copernicus - Gen. James Longstreet - Sir Isaac Newton - Mahatma Gandhi - Leonardo da Vinci - Confucius - Jesus of Nazareth - Queen Elizabeth I - Jean-Jacques Rousseau - William Blackstone - Annie Mansfield Sullivan - Alexander Fleming - Nelson Mandela - Eartha Kitt - Catherine the Great of Russia - Henry Hazlitt - Leonard Cohen - Robert Frost - Langston Hughes - Alexandre Dumas - Les Brown - Gen. Alexander Haig - Mario Capecchi - Alabama Governor Bibb Graves - New York Governor Al Smith - Tennessee Governor Sam Houston - Clarence Ellis - Bernie Mac - Indiana Supreme Court Justice William Allen Woods - U.S. Senator Al Sharpton - U.S. Senator Senator Robert C. "Bob" Smith - U.S. Senator John Ensign - U.S. Senator Bella Abzug - U.S. Senator William Warren "Bill" Bradley - U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan - Queen Victoria of Britain - Alan Greenspan - Plato - Alessandro Volta - Jim Clark - Ada Lovelace - Jane Austen - George Eastman - Russell Baker - Harry Belafonte - Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius - Rosa Parks - Mother Theresa - Roy Wilson Howard - Brig. Gen. Christopher ("Kit") Carson - Washington State Senator Paull Shin - Jennifer Aniston - Johann Sebastian Bach - Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz - Lance Armstrong - John Lennon - Hans Christian Andersen - Billy Martin - Edward Jenner - George Hitchings - U.S. Sen. George Norris - Eva Peron - Ringo Starr - Giacomo Puccini - Joseph John ("J.J.") Thomson - Bertrand Russell - Hermann Rorschach - Herman Melville - Ivo Andric' - W.E.B. Du Bois - John Keats - Albert Camus - Marian Anderson - Ernst B. Chain - Garry Kasparov - Johannes Kepler - Sylvia Plath - Leo Tolstoy - Peyton Rous - Herbert C. Brown - Benjamin Carson - Jean-Paul Sartre - U.S. Sen. William F. Cody - U.S. Sen. Olympia Snowe - Raphael - David Hume - Hannah Arendt - Erik Erikson - Ralph Waldo Emerson - Stephen Crane - Lord Byron - Ernest Everett Just - Geraldine Ferraro - Joel Madden - Spencer Perceval - Truman Capote - Alex Rodriguez - Friedrich Nietzsche - Agatha Christie - William Wordsworth - Max Weber - Cleopatra - Bobby Darin - Larry King - Jesse Jackson - North Carolina Gov. James Iredell, Jr. - Audie Murphy - Gustav Theodor Fechner - Edgar Allen Poe - Alam J. Heeger - Emile Zola - David Gahan - Elias Canetti - William Smith - Colonel Sanders - Charles Curtis - Oona O'Neil Chaplin - Michele Bachmann - Deborah Nordyke - Dmitri Mendeleev - Jozsef Attila - William Bradford - Gerald Bull - Willa Cather - Ritchie Valens - Daniel Dennett - Cass Gilbert - Mary Leakey - Harry Martinsson - Joseph Stalin - Charlie Chaplin - Nelly Bly - Henry Morton Stanley - Mike Tyson - Max Born - Sarah Breedlove - Frederick Froebel - Paul Ryan - Geoffrey Burnstock - William Week Kaufman - Judith Kaur - Robert Boyle - Theodore Grutthuss - Steve Allen - Mary Higgins Clark - Louis Armstrong - Warren Hastings - Allan Pinkerton - Billie Holiday - Hank Williams - Malcolm X - Carol Burnett - Conf. President Jefferson Davis - Thomas Green Clemson - John Irving - J.R.R. Tolkien - Charles Bronson - Albert Ellis - Tom Blake - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - Gene Simmons - Paulette Goddard - Gene Hackman - Sir Arthur Lewis - Robert Hooke - Daniel Hale Williams - James Byron Dean - Halle Berry - Benjamin Bratt - Eddie Murphy - Caroline Kennedy Schlossberg - Charles Baudelaire - Masaccio - Deborah Sampson - Karl Landsteiner - Ralph Ellison - California Supreme Court Justice Rose Bird - Eric Clapton - Jack London - Eamon de Valera - Arizona Governor Jan Brewer - William Reddington Hewlett - J. Marvin Herndon - Mother Angelica - Karl Rove - Lauren Bacall - Werner Herzog - Nicolas Sarkozy - Antonin Careme - Melissa Gilbert - Julius Caesar - Yul Brynner - Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar - Gerhard Herzberg - Kevin Jackson - Ella Fitzgerald - Muhammed - Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick - John Leonard - Andre Gide - Dorothea Lange - Dorothy Dandridge - Cathy Freeman - Errol Kerr - F. Whitten Peters - Henry Talbot - Sigrid Undset, - Arthur C. Clarke - Aaron Burr - James Allen Rhodes - Jim Rogan - B.B. King - Frederick W. Alt - Emil J. Freireich - Willie Nelson - Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Victor - George Burns - Maryland Gov. Benjamin Ogle - North Carolina Governor Charles Brantley Aycock - Gen. Omar Bradley - Herbert - Bessie Coleman - Dorothy Andersen - Wolfgang Puck - Jeanne Avril - Chiang Kai-shek - NZ Prime Minister John Key - Videl Sassoon - Bill Weir - Oklahoma Gov. Charles Nathaniel Haskell - Julian Assange - k.d. Lang - Coco Chanel - Quentin Tarantino - Anderson Hayes Cooper - James Brown - Kenneth Grahame - Hunter "Patch" Adams - Jack Nicholson - Rodney Dangerfield - John Davison Rockefeller I - Roald Dahl - Lucy Montgomery - William Lloyd Garrison - Douglas Fairbanks - David Harker - Rickie Lee Jones - Robert Fulton - Irving Berlin - Jonathan Swift - Peggy Drexler - Art Buchwald - Carolyn Jones - Sojourner Truth - Judge Sonya Sotomayor - Doris Roberts - Barry Lopez - Loretta Young - Marilyn Monroe - Barbara Stanwick - Steve McQueen - Cher - Amy Dickinson - Geoffrey Rush - Julius Erving - Pierce Brosnan - Wayne Dyer - Francis Alice Kellor - Sophia Loren - Eminem - George Carolin - Joe Hill - Stephen King - Franco Modigliani - Frank McCourt - Derek Walcott - Sir Charles Bell - Whoopi Goldberg - Charles Thomson Rees Wilson - Richard Nathaniel Wright - Daniel Tani - Percy Spencer - Ward Connerly - Fatty Arbuckle - Katherine Burr Blodgett - Cuba Gooding - Dorothea Lange - Shaquille O'Neal - Frances Kellor - Gloria Steinem - Gloria Gaynor - Jon Stewart - Ronald Mallet - Shania Twain - Al Pacino - Harold Clayton Urey - Kendrick Meek - Bette Davis - J. R. Moehringer - Audrey Hepburn - Tom Cruise - Horacio Quiroga - Tina Turner - Kate Hayes - Jackie Gleason - Sean O'Casey - Bill Cosby - Barry White - Susanna Harding - Jodie Foster - Frank Lloyd Wright - Paulina Porizkova - Patsy Cline - Anna Nicole Smith - Bob Marley - Axl Rose - George Lopez - Laurence Tureaud - Ralph Bunche - Ed Bradley - Tom Monaghan - Alvin Cullum (Sergeant) York - Rickey Henderson - Sonia Sotomayor... |
Bibliography, links, research on father-absence and the effects of fatherlessness Some
of the citations compiled on this website also can be found at: John Cloud, Are We Failing Our Geniuses? Time, Thursday, Aug. 16, 2007 Denis Dutton, What is Genius? Philosophy and Literature. Vol. 25, No. 1 (April 2001), pp. 181-196 Marvin Eisenstadt, André Haynal, Pierre Rentchnick, and Pierre de Senarclens, Parental Loss and Achievement, International Universities Press, Inc. (1989), 338 pp. Harris Finkelstein, The long-term effects of early parent death: A review, Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 44, Issue 1 (February 2001), pp. 3-9 A. Roe, The Making of a Scientist. Dodd, Mead, New York (1952). (25% of high achieving biologists lost a parent by age 10, compared with 6% of all college students). S. M. Silverman, Parental Loss and Scientists, Science Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3 (July 1974), pp. 259-264 Dean Keith Simonton, Scientific Genius: A Psychology of Science. Cambridge University Press (1988) ("Exceptionally achieving individuals in virtually every human endeavor are more likely to have lost a parent... Roe (1952a) learned from her examination of notable contemporary scientists that 15% had lost a parent by death before age 10. Broken down by field, this happened to 25% of the biologists, 13% of the physical scientists, and 9% of the social scientists. To place this figure in perspective, Roe referred to data showing that only around 6% of college students lost a parent by age 10. Roe also mentioned Bell's (1937) work on illustrious mathematicians, in which around one-quarter had lost a parent before age 10 and nearly one-third before age 14... parental loss can occur by means other than orphanhood, such as alcoholism, abandonment, and divorce..."). William R. Woodward, Scientific Genius and Loss of a Parent, Science Studies, Vol. 4, No. 3 (July 1974), pp. 265-277
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Myths and Facts About Fatherhood; Myths and Facts About Motherhood
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